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Comparison of web browsers

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The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of web browsers. Please see the individual products' articles for further information.

Usage share for Q4 2008[1]
Internet Explorer: 70.72%
Firefox: 20.27%
Safari: 6.77%
Chrome: 0.78%
Opera: 0.73%
Netscape: 0.48%
Other: 0.24%
See also: Usage share of web browsers

Contents

[edit] Web browser history

[edit] Web browsers by year

A rough estimation of usage share by percent of layout engines/web browsers, see usage share of web browsers.

This is a table of personal computer web browsers by year of release of major version, in chronological order, with the approximate number of worldwide Internet users in millions. Note that Internet user data is related to the entire market, not the versions released in that year. The increased growth of the Internet in the 1990s and 2000s means that current browsers with small market shares have more total users than the entire market early on. For example, 90% market share in 1997 would be roughly 60 million users, but by the start of 2007 9% market share would equate to over 90 million users.[2]

Year Web Browsers Internet
Users (in millions)[3]
Pre-browser: HyperCard, Gopher
1991 WorldWideWeb (Nexus)
1992 ViolaWWW, Erwise, MidasWWW, MacWWW
1993 Mosaic, Cello, Lynx 2.0, Arena, AMosaic 1.0
1994 IBM Web Explorer, Netscape Navigator, SlipKnot 1.0, MacWeb, IBrowse, Argo, Minuet
1995 Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator 2.0, OmniWeb, WebRouser[4], Internet Explorer 2, Grail 16
1996 Arachne 1.0, Internet Explorer 3.0, Netscape Navigator 3.0, Opera 2.0,
PowerBrowser 1.5[5], Cyberdog, Amaya 0.9, AWeb, Voyager
36
1997 Internet Explorer 4.0, Netscape Navigator 4.0, Netscape Communicator 4.0, Opera 3.0[6] 70
1998 Internet Explorer 5.0 Beta 1, iCab, Mozilla, Opera 4[7] 147
1999 Amaya 2.0, Mozilla M3, Internet Explorer 5.0 248
2000 Konqueror, Netscape 6, Opera 4[8], Opera 5[9], K-Meleon 0.2 361
2001 Internet Explorer 6, Galeon 1.0, Opera 6[10] 513
2002 Netscape 7, Mozilla 1.0, Phoenix 0.1, Links 2.0 587
2003 Opera 7[11], Safari 1.0, Epiphany 1.0 719
2004 Firefox 1.0, Netscape Browser, OmniWeb 5.0 817
2005 Safari 2.0, Netscape Browser 8.0, Opera 8.[12], Epiphany1.8, Amaya 9.0, AOL Explorer1.0, Maxthon 1.0, Shiira 1.0 1018
2006 SeaMonkey 1.0, K-Meleon 1.0, Galeon 2.0, Camino 1.0, Firefox 2.0, Avant 11, iCab 3, Opera 9[13], Internet Explorer 7, Sputnik 1093
2007 Maxthon 2.0, Netscape Navigator 9, NetSurf 1.0, Flock 1.0, Safari 3.0, Conkeror 1262
2008 Konqueror 4, Safari 3.1, Opera 9.5[14], Firefox 3, Amaya 10, Flock 2.0, Google Chrome 1.0 1400 (est.)
Beta Internet Explorer 8, Safari 4.0
See also: microbrowser

[edit] Historical web browsers

This table focuses on OS and browsers of the 1990s and turn of the century. The year listed for a version is usually the year of the first official release, with an end year being end of development, project change, or relevant termination. Releases of OS and browser from the early 1990s to before 2001-2002 time frame are the current focus.

Many early browsers can be made to run on later OS (and later browsers on early OS in some cases), however, most of these situations are avoided in the table. Terms are defined below

Browser Years MS 2000/XP 98/Me NT 95 3.1 IBM OS/2 Mac OS X
(Intel/PPC)
Mac OS 9 Mac OS 8 System 7
(PPC/68k)
Linux BSD Unix
(HP-UX,
Solaris)
Other
Years (OS) - 2000/2001 1998 1993 1995 1992 1988 2001 1999 1997 1991 '94(1.0)/'91 1993 (1990s) -
AWeb 1996-Now No No No No No No No No No No No No No AmigaOS
MorphOS
Cello 1993-1994 NA Unknown Unknown Unknown Terminated Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown No
IBM Web Explorer 1994 No No No No Unknown Terminated (1.1h) No No No No No No No No
ICab 1998-Now No No No No No No Yes (4.25) Dropped (3.03) Dropped (2.9.9) Dropped (2.9.9) No No No No
Internet Explorer 6
(Trident)
2001- 2004 Terminated (6.0 SP2) Included Dropped (6.0 SP1) Dropped (6.0 SP1) No No No No Dropped No No No No No No
IE 5.0
IE 4.0
1998-2000
1997-1998
Included Included Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Dropped * (5.01 SP1) Unknown Dropped * (5.01 SP1) No
IE 3.0 1996-1997 Yes Yes Yes Included Yes Unknown No Yes Included Yes Yes * Unknown Yes * No
IE 2.0
IE 1.0
1995 Yes Yes Included (2.0) Yes Yes No Unknown Unknown Unknown Beta (2.0) No No No No
IE Mac
(IE4, Trident)
(IE5, Tasman)
1996-2003 No No No No No No Terminated (5.2.3) Dropped (5.1.7) Dropped (5.1.7) No No No No No
MacWeb 1994-1996 No No No No No No No No Unknown Terminated (2.0) No No No No
Mosaic 1993-1997 Terminated (3.0) Unknown Terminated Terminated Terminated Terminated No Terminated (3.0) Terminated Terminated Dropped (2.6) Dropped (2.6) Dropped (2.6) OpenVMS
Mozilla
(restarted SeaMonkey)
2002-2006 Terminated (1.7.13) Terminated (1.7.13) Terminated (1.7.13) Terminated (1.7.13) Dropped Terminated (1.7.13) Terminated (1.7.13) Dropped (1.2.1) Dropped (1.0.1) No Terminated (1.7.13) Terminated (1.7.13) Terminated (1.7.13) OpenVMS
Netscape Navigator 9 2008 Terminated Terminated No No No No Terminated
(Mac OS X v10.2)
No No No Terminated
(kernel 2.2.14)
No No No
Netscape Browser 2004-2007 Terminated Terminated Terminated Terminated No No No No No No No No No No
Netscape 7
Netscape 6
2000-2004 Terminated (7.2) Terminated (7.2) Terminated (7.2) Terminated (7.2) No No Terminated (7.2) Dropped (7.02) Dropped (7.02) Unknown Terminated (7.2) Terminated (7.2) Terminated (7.2) No
Netscape Communicator 1997-2002 Terminated (4.8) Terminated (4.8) Terminated (4.8) Terminated Terminated (4.08) Terminated No Terminated (4.80) Terminated (4.80) Terminated (4.08) Terminated (4.77) Terminated Terminated (4.77) No
Netscape Navigator 1994-1998 Terminated (4.08) Terminated (4.08) Terminated Terminated Terminated (4.08) Terminated No Terminated (4.08) Dropped Dropped 3.0.4 Terminated (4.08) Terminated (4.08) Terminated (4.08) OpenVMS
OmniWeb 1995-Now No No No No No No Yes Dropped (4.0) Dropped Dropped No No No NEXTSTEP
Opera 1996-Now Yes Yes Yes Yes Dropped (3.62) Dropped (5.12) Yes Dropped (7.54u2) Dropped (6.03) Unknown Yes Yes Yes Yes
ViolaWWW 1992 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Yes X11
WorldWideWeb 1991 No No No No No No No No No No No No No NEXTSTEP
OPENSTEP
Browser Years MS 2000/XP 98/Me NT 95 3.1 IBM OS/2 Mac OS X
(Intel/PPC)
Mac OS 9 Mac OS 8 System 7
(PPC/68k)
Linux BSD Unix
([HP-UX]],
Solaris)
Other

[15] [16]

^ Cell phones, Symbian, Wii, Windows Mobile; BeOS (Dropped 3.62), QNX (Dropped 6.01)

[edit] General information

Basic general information about the browsers: creator/company, license/price etc.

Browser Creator Cost (USD) Open Source? Software license Current layout engine
Amaya W3C, INRIA Free Yes W3C ?
AOL Explorer America Online, Inc Free No Trident
Avant Avant Force Free No Trident
Camino The Camino Project Free Yes MPL, MPL/GPL/LGPL tri-license Gecko
Chromium Google Free Yes BSD WebKit
Dillo Jorge Arellano Cid, Geerken, Rota, et al. Free Yes GPL Dillo
ELinks Baudis, Fonseca, et al. Free Yes GPL ?
Epiphany GNOME Free Yes GPL Gecko, WebKit
Flock Flock Inc Free Yes MPL Gecko
Galeon Marco Pesenti Gritti Free Yes GPL Gecko
Google Chrome Google Free No Google Chrome EULA WebKit
GNU IceCat GNU Free Yes GPL,MPL/LGPL tri-license Gecko
iCab Alexander Clauss Free,
$29 (Pro)
No iCab (Version 1-3), WebKit (Version 4+)
Internet Explorer Microsoft,
Spyglass
Free,
(requires a valid Windows license)[17]
No Trident
Internet Explorer for Mac (Terminated) Microsoft Free No Tasman
K-Meleon Dorian, KKO, et al. Free Yes GPL Gecko
Konqueror KDE Free Yes GPL KHTML
Links Patocka, et al. Free Yes GPL ?
Lynx Montulli, Grobe, Rezac, et al. Free Yes GPL built-in
Maxthon Maxthon International Limited Free No Trident, Gecko
Mosaic Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina, NCSA Free (non-commercial) No built-in
Mozilla Mozilla Foundation Free Yes MPL, MPL/GPL/LGPL tri-license Gecko
Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Foundation Free Yes MPL, MPL/GPL/LGPL tri-license, Mozilla EULA Gecko
Netscape (v.6-7)  Netscape Communications Corporation, AOL Free No  ???, MPL/GPL/LGPL tri-license Gecko
Netscape Browser (v.8)  Mercurial Communications for AOL Free No  ???, MPL, GPL/LGPL tri-license Trident, Gecko
Netscape Communicator (v.4)  Netscape Communications Free No ?
Netscape Navigator (v.1-4)  Netscape Communications Free No ?
Netscape Navigator 9  Netscape Communications
(division of AOL)
Free No  ???, MPL, GPL/LGPL tri-license Gecko
NetSurf The NetSurf Developers Free Yes GPL NetSurf built-in
OmniWeb The Omni Group $14.95 No  ???, LGPL WebKit
Opera Opera Software Free No Presto
Opera Mobile Opera Software $19.00 No Presto
Safari Apple Inc. Free No  ???, LGPL WebKit
SeaMonkey SeaMonkey Council Free Yes MPL, MPL/GPL/LGPL tri-license Gecko
Shiira Happy Macintosh Developing Team Free Yes BSD WebKit
Sleipnir Fenrir Inc. Free No Trident, Gecko
WorldWideWeb (Later renamed Nexus) Tim Berners-Lee Free Yes Public domain NeXTSTEP built-in
w3m Akinori Ito Free Yes MIT License ?
Browser Creator Cost (USD) open source Software license Current layout engine
  • ^  There are five different products which all carry the name Netscape: Netscape versions 1 to 4, properly called Netscape Navigator, was a browser based on the original Netscape engine. Netscape 4 also was available as an Internet suite, properly called Netscape Communicator. Netscape 6 and 7 was a new Internet suite based on the Gecko engine and the Mozilla Application Suite user interface. Netscape 8, properly called Netscape Browser, is a new browser based on Firefox that can use both the Gecko (Firefox) and Trident (Internet Explorer) engines. Netscape resumed use of the Navigator name from Netscape Navigator 9.0 beta 1. See Netscape for more info.

[edit] Release history

A brief overview of the release history.

Browser First public release First stable release Latest stable release version date Latest testing release version date
Date Version Date Version
Amaya November 14, 1996 0.9 November 14, 1996 0.9 11  (16 December 2008; 21 days ago) 10.1-pre5  (17 October 2008; 81 days ago)
AOL Explorer June, 2005 1.0 July, 2005 1.1 1.5  (May 10, 2006) none  (n/a)
Avant August, 2004 ? August, 2004 ? 11.7 Build 19  (11 December 2008; 26 days ago) none  (n/a)
Camino February 13, 2002 0.1 February 14, 2006 1.0 1.6.6  (December 16, 2008)